The Integration of Energy, Environment and Health Policies in China: A Review

The goal of sustainable development is far from being achieved in China. In this context, this paper aims to provide an overview of China’s energy, environment and health policies over the past 30 years and discuss whether the previous policies have fully integrated the energy, environment and health issues in its sustainable development agenda. From the overview, we observe that the energy policies accelerating energy industrial upgrading, stimulating development of new energy sources, deregulating energy pricing mechanism, promoting energy saving and seizing the opportunity of green growth are conducive to an improvement of environmental conditions and public health in China. However, the environmental policies are not effectively implemented and subsequently they could not succeed in reducing environmental risks on public health and putting pressure on enterprises to efficiently use energy. The health policies have not taken real actions to focus with any specificity on energy-induced or pollution-induced health problems

Household Fuel Use in Developing Countries: Review of Theory and Evidence

Ce WP a fait l'objet d'une publication in Energy Economics, Elsevier, 2018, 70, pp.429 - 439.〈https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014098831830032X〉. 〈10.1016/j.eneco.2018.01.024〉. 〈hal-01717823〉Because of recent concerns about the negative externalities of traditional fuel use on the environment and health, the issue of the household fuel transition in developing countries, from dirty fuels towards clean fuels, has received growing research attention. This paper provides an up-to-date survey of the economic literature on household fuel use in these countries. First, we present the conceptual and theoretical frameworks. Then, we discuss the empirical results that show how a wide range of factors drive the household fuel transition. Finally, we suggest priorities for policy initiatives and highlight areas of future research

Molecular Mechanisms of Metformin for Diabetes and Cancer Treatment

Metformin has been the first-line drug treatment for hyperglycemia and insulin resistance for over 50 years. However, the molecular basis of its therapeutic role remained incompletely understood. Recent advances demonstrate that metformin could exert its glucose-lowering effect by multiple mechanisms, including activation of 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase, decreasing production of cyclic AMP, suppressing mitochondrial complex I of the electron transport chain, targeting glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, and altering the gut microbiome. In addition, epidemiological and clinical observation studies suggest that metformin reduced cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes and improved survival outcome of human cancers. Experimental studies have shown that this drug can inhibit cancer cell viability, growth, and proliferation through inhibiting mTORC1 signaling and mitochondrial complex I, suggesting that it may be a promising drug candidate for malignancy. Here, we summarize recent progress in studies of metformin in type 2 diabetes and tumorigenesis, which provides novel insight on the therapeutic development of human diseases

Improved representation of river runoff in Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean Version 4 (ECCOv4) simulations: Implementation, evaluation, and impacts to coastal plume regions

In this study, we improve the representation of global river runoff in the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean Version 4 (ECCOv4) framework, allowing for a more realistic treatment of coastal plume dynamics. We use a suite of experiments to explore the sensitivity of coastal plume regions to runoff forcing, model grid resolution, and grid type. The results show that simulated sea surface salinity (SSS) is reduced as the model grid resolution increases. Compared to Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) observations, simulated SSS is closest to SMAP when using daily, point-source runoff (DPR) and the intermediate-resolution LLC270 grid. The Willmott skill score, which quantifies agreement between models and SMAP, yields up to 0.92 for large rivers such as the Amazon. There was no major difference in SSS for tropical and temperate coastal rivers when the model grid type was changed from the ECCO v4 latitude-longitude-polar-cap grid to the ECCO2 cube-sphere grid. We also found that using DPR forcing and increasing model resolution from the coarse-resolution LLC90 grid to the intermediate-resolution LLC270 grid elevated the river plume area, volume, stabilized the stratification and shoal the mixed layer depth (MLD). Additionally, we find that the impacts of increasing model resolution from the intermediate-resolution LLC270 grid to the high-resolution LLC540 grid are regionally dependent. The Mississippi River Plume is more sensitive than other regions, possibly because the wider and shallower Texas-Louisiana shelf drives a stronger baroclinic effect, as well as relatively weak sub-grid vertical mixing and adjustment in this region. Since rivers deliver large amounts of freshwater and anthropogenic materials to coastal regions, improving the representation of river runoff in global, high-resolution models will advance studies of coastal hypoxia, carbon cycling, and regional weather and climate and will ultimately help to predict land-ocean-atmospheric feedbacks seamlessly in the next generation of Earth system models

Research on fault diagnosis of hydraulic pump using convolutional neural network

The failure mechanism of hydraulic pump is complex, and its faulty features are frequently submerged in the nonlinear interference caused by various components. The fault diagnosis of hydraulic pump is a challenge in the field of machinery. The conventional fault diagnosis approaches have several drawbacks. First, the operator should be cognizant of the mechanism of hydraulic pump. Second, the procedure is onerous, and has many parameters to set. Third, the shallow classification is weak for this complex problem, which leads to low accuracy rate. This paper developed a new scheme by using improved convolutional neural network. It can be directly used without human intervention, although the operator knows little knowledge about hydraulic pump. Therefore, it is simple to be employed and easy for widely promotion. Validated by fault diagnosis cases of hydraulic pump, the proposed scheme is not only simple for application, but also is superior to other machine learning algorithms, especially when the pump speed varies